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Most crystals are naturally occurring; solid, inorganic (not living,) materials called minerals formed by a regular repeated pattern of molecules connecting together. In some solids, the arrangements of the building blocks (atoms and molecules) can be random or very different throughout the material. In crystals, however, a collection of atoms called the Unit Cell is repeated in exactly the same arrangement over and over throughout the entire material.
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Some objects known as crystal, (fine wine glasses) are in fact glass and not crystalline. Glass has very little crystal structure, and up until recently believed to have no structure at all. Glass is called amorphous, as it cooled down too fast for the atoms to arrange themselves into a regular structure.
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Gemstones are minerals that are associated with perfection, transparency, and clarity. Many crystals fit these ideals but most do not. Crystals are solid materials in which the atoms are arranged in a regular pattern. The word crystal is based on the Greek word krystallos derived from kryos, meaning icy cold. In ancient times it was thought that rock crystal, a colourless variety of quartz, was ice that had frozen and would never melt.
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Most gemstones are naturally occurring minerals chosen for their beauty, durability and in many instances rarity. Most minerals are inorganic, but what about a pearl? A natural pearl is organic and is formed inside of an oyster when a grain of sand irritates the oyster so much that it grows a protection between itself and the grain of sand. This shield is a mineral crystal, the mineral is Aragonite. The pearl will slowly form this shield until the oyster dies or is harvested by man.
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Another organic gemstone is the Abalone shell. Shells with brightly coloured pinks, blues and greens belong to the genus Haliotas. They are commonly found in American waters and in the seas around New Zealand where they are called paua. There has been inorganic jewellery made since the beginning of time. The oldest necklace found was dated at over 25,000 years old, and was made of fish vertebrae.
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Crystals are also used for healing, meditation, energy work, storing information, protection, grounding, and channelling. Many have specific shapes such ascrystal balls and singing crystal bowls, used for healing, balancing, and awakening.
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Crystals vibrate to different frequencies depending on the crystal, its size and use. People are guided to a specific crystal, determined by the matrix of the person at a given time, and that of the crystal chosen. You touch it, and know it is yours; you are attuned to that crystal at that point in time. Crystals can be placed anywhere, held, or worn as jewellery.
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You can use crystals yourself to heal or find a qualified healer. Most crystal healing is guided to the healer by Spirit who will tell the healer which crystals will be most effective and the patterns the crystals should be placed on or around the person's body. The length of time used with the crystals will vary with each patient and healer.
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The healer must determine the person's frequency and attune it to the crystals that will create healing and balance. All healing is about placing the body in balance. Treatments will vary in length and number of times required. Owning a crystal that you carry with you or keep in the area you spend most of your time, can enhance the healing after you work with the healer. It's always good to have a few quartz crystals around your home to balance the energies, even if you do not need healing.
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Some crystals are said to be of particular benefit to and are associated with people born under each sign of the zodiac in western astrology. These associated crystals are often preferred by people of the related astrological sign. Sometimes, though, they aren't at all. This can be due to the fact that one's astrological sign is really just one portion, generally the Sun sign, of their entire astrological chart. 
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Other factors in their individual chart may mean that they prefer and go well with other stones altogether. The stones shown for a particular sign can be placed on their associated chakras, worn, or carried.
Because a stone is listed as related to or benefitting a particular sign, doesn't mean it's the only crystals that will be a benefit, or that they anyone has to use it. As with all things, trust your higher self above all.
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Crystals are used at chakra centres for clearing, revitalizing, and healing. Crystal wands are utilized to open the chakras. As a general rule the colour of the crystal is normally similar to that of their corresponding Chakra. For example, the darker coloured crystals such as red, brown and black, will only feel comfortable on the lower chakras.
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The lower chakras are much slower than the higher chakras, therefore you need to use crystals also according to their energetic frequency. Some crystals have a very fast vibration, like quartz, and others feel much slower and more dense, like jasper. The slower and more dense crystals should only be used on lower chakras as placing a dense/heavy frequency crystal on a high frequency chakra such as the third eye or crown can make you feel quite uncomfortable.
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